Local Area Network (LAN)
A collection of connected PCs and other peripherals in a specific location, like a campus or office building, is called a local area network, or LAN. The devices are linked to a server using a wireless connection or a shared communications line.
The internet can reach rates of up to 100 Mbps over LAN networks, while these days far faster speeds are possible. LAN networks are most frequently configured using the bus, ring, and star topologies. LANs are useful because they eliminate the requirement for internet connectivity and enable speedy and effective device communication. It resembles having a linked device neighborhood all to yourself.
Types of Local Area Networks in Computer Network
Ethernet
The most popular LAN technology, Ethernet, is outlined in IEEE Standards 802.3. Ethernet's widespread use can be attributed to its inexpensive cost of network construction and ease of understanding, implementation, and maintenance.
A bus topology is typically used with Ethernet. The physical layer and the data link layer are the two tools OSI model layers in which Ethernet functions. Since we mostly work with DLLs, the protocol data unit for Ethernet is a frame. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD as its access control technique to handle collisions.
Peer-to-peer LAN
A technique called a peer-to-peer network enables the connection of two or more computers to a single system. You can quickly share data using this connection instead of utilizing a different server for file sharing. As a "peer," any end-computer connected to this network is able to send and receive data with other computers within its network. This gives you the opportunity to help a peer as well as collaborate to complete activities that require collective attention.
Client/Server LANs
An internet network known as a client-server network is one in which a single central computer serves as a server and manages a number of other computers known as clients. A server is a potent computer that serves clients, or other computers, by providing resources and services. The server receives requests from clients for data or services, processes them, and replies.
By establishing a connection with the server, clients can view shared files and data stored on the serving computer. In addition, client-server networks and peer-to-peer networks are conceptually identical, with the difference being that only the server has the authority to initiate a transaction.
Token Ring
A token ring is a physical ring or loop that connects devices in a computer network topology and access mechanism. Devices are connected to the network sequentially in a token ring network, where data can move both ways around the circle. This architecture differs from other network topologies that use a bus or star structure, like Ethernet.
Advantages of Local Area Network
There are many advantages of Local Area Network and these are:
Internet Sharing
Internet sharing eliminates the need for multiple internet subscriptions by allowing a single internet connection to be shared by all devices connected to a local area network
Resource Sharing
By allowing several devices to share resources such as file servers, printers, and scanners, LANs lower hardware costs and increase productivity.
Security
To safeguard data from outside threats, LANs can be fortified with firewalls, access controls, and encryption.
Scalability
Adding new devices or updating infrastructure components makes it simple to expand the Local Area Network. Cost-effectiveness: In general, setting up a LAN is less expensive than giving every device its own internet connection and resources.
Virtual LANs
By conceptually segmenting a LAN into several virtual LANs, network management, traffic control, and security can all be improved.
Bandwidth Efficiency
LANs maximize bandwidth use by limiting traffic to specific areas, which eases congestion and improves internet and cloud-based application performance.
Disadvantage of Local Area Network
There are many disadvantages of Local Area Networks and these are:
Malware
Malware is able to enter a local area network (LAN), contaminate the entire system, and obliterate crucial data.
Maintenance
Maximum Damage
Installation Fee Is High
Setting up a local area network (LAN) is costly since installing a server calls for certain software. Hardware such as switches, routers, and cables can be highly costly. A large office such as a LAN requires the administration and troubleshooting of a skilled operator.
