Definition
The phrase "database architecture" describes the methodology and structural layout of a database system, which is the foundation of a database management system (DBMS). The effectiveness and efficiency of data management are greatly influenced by this architecture, which specifies how data is arranged, stored, and retrieved.
The way a database management system (DBMS) will be integrated with your application is described by database architecture. Making decisions during the database architecture design process will alter the way your applications are developed.
Database architecture is not a one-size-fits-all concept. It differs greatly depending on the organization's requirements, the kind of data being handled, and the particular applications that communicate with the database. There is a wide range of database architecture, from straightforward systems that oversee daily operations in small businesses to intricate systems that manage enormous volumes of data in major corporations.
A database system's fundamental components are a complex collection of software tools and procedures for managing, storing, and retrieving data. Between the user and the database, a DBMS serves as a mediator, guaranteeing that the data is safely preserved, consistently organized, and readily available. The fundamental architecture of a database management system (DBMS) determines how effective it is; it must be scalable, resilient, and able to manage a variety of data-related tasks effectively.
Types of Database Architecture in DBMS
The tier architecture is one of the core components of database architecture. This idea describes the conceptual and physical division of functions into several tiers or layers, including data processing and storage.
A three-tier design, for example, might have the first layer dedicated to storing raw data, the second tier to processing and managing data, and the third tier to displaying the data to users through a graphical user interface (GUI) or API.
1. One-tier Architecture
The application logic, database, and user interface are all housed on the same computer or server in a one-tier architecture. Small-scale applications where cost-effectiveness and simplicity are top concerns are usually where it is utilized. With this kind of layer architecture, accessing data is typically quick because there are no network delays.
MS Office is a prominent example of one-tier architecture.
2. Two-tier Architecture
A two-tier design has several clients that connect to the database directly. Another name for this tier design is a client-server architecture.
This client-server communication makes use of application program interfaces such as Java Database Connectivity and Open Database Connectivity.
Railway Reservation System is an example of two-tier architecture.
3. Three-tier Architecture:
A three-tier architecture is used by the majority of contemporary online apps. Clients in this design connect to a back end, which is connected to the database. Mainly, the three-tier architecture is used for large applications on the web. There are numerous advantages to using this strategy:
Security: The likelihood of being hacked is decreased when the database connection is restricted to a single back end.
Scalability: Because each layer operates independently, it is easier to scale parts of the application.
